![]() This will provide insights into the adaptation of the human autonomic nervous system in space over time, and will help to improve physical exercise, rest and work shifts, as well as fostering adequate workplace illumination in the sense of occupational healthcare in future space missions. The main objective of the experiment is to get a better basic understanding of any alterations in circadian rhythms in humans during long-duration spaceflight. Parmitano downloaded the Actiwatch/Thermolab data on the last day of the experiment Luca corrected the issue with some kapton tape and the experiment session was extended by one day in order to complete necessary 36-hour measurements with the sensors. The day after the start of the session a problem with the Thermolab Unit switching off was tracked to a battery contact issue by Luca Parmitano. During the session Parmitano donned the Thermolab temperature sensors, on the forehead and chest, and the Thermolab unit along with an Actilight Watch to monitor his activity. Luca Parmitano successfully carried out his fifth session of the Circadian Rhythms experiment from 22 - 25 October. During the science run, a series of ambiguous figures are displayed for about 60-120 seconds and the crew is prompted to specify, by pressing pushbuttons on a mouse, which percept is visualized first and then every subsequent change in perception. It involves the comparisons of pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight perceptions with regards to ambiguous perspective-reversible figures to assess the influence of weightlessness. The experiment is investigating the adaptive nature of the human neuro-vestibular system in the processing of gravitational information related to 3D visual perception. During the sessions the experiment instruments were connected to a laptop in the Columbus laboratory before a dedicated visor was donned and the experiment protocol was conducted the in a free-floating position. ISS Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins carried out his first two sessions as a subject of the Reversible Figures experiment in the Columbus laboratory on 9 and 31 October. These results will help with deriving an equation for the energy requirements of astronauts which will allow for optimal planning when considering upload of food supplies to be sufficient but not excessive. The data gathered will allow for the determination of Parmitano’s Total Energy Expenditure which will in turn allow for the calculation of the Activity Energy Expenditure. ![]() ![]() The Energy experiment aims at determining the energy requirements of astronauts during long-term spaceflight. On the final day of the experiment Parmitano also transferred data from the actimeter armband he wore throughout the experiment to the European Physiology Modules laptop, after which it was downlinked to ground. For the remainder of the experiment, Luca Parmitano logged his dietary intake (daily) and every other day urine samples were provided and water samples taken. After consuming a dedicated breakfast Parmitano carried out additional Oxygen Uptake Measurements and provided additional urine samples to determine what level of Double Labelled Water is directly excreted from the body. Oxygen Uptake Measurements were also undertaken on Parmitano at rest using the ESA/NASA Pulmonary Function System in order to measure Resting Metabolic Rate. On the second day a baseline urine sample was provided by Parmitano prior to imbibing a Double Labelled Water isotope. On the first day of the experiment (1 October) a baseline drinking water sample was taken from the Potable Water Dispenser (from which Parmitano drank for the duration of the experiment). ![]() This can negatively affect mental and physical capacities of astronauts/cosmonauts which can influence performance during a space mission.ĮSA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano completed the Energy experiment as the fifth test subject on 11 October. Headaches can be a common astronaut complaint during space flights. The Space Headaches experiment is determining the incidence and characteristics of headaches occurring within astronauts in orbit. The weekly questionnaires follow on from one week of filling in daily questionnaires during the first week after launch on Soyuz 35S for Parmitano and Soyuz 36S for Hopkins. Weekly questionnaires were filled in on 11, 18, 25 and 31 October by ESA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano (his 19 th – 22 nd) and NASA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins (his 2 nd - 5 th) as part of the Space Headaches experiment.
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